Compiled by Guy Dauncey, author of The Economics of Kindness: The End of Capitalism, the Birth of a New Ecological Civilization Palgrave/Macmillan, Spring 2026
This list illustrates the deep, persistent desire by so many people to create a new kind of economy, one in which values of kindness, cooperation, and caring for each other and for nature replace the selfish values of neoliberal capitalism – market domination, monopoly, tax evasion, oligarchic power, and careless disdain for nature and the climate.
If you are teaching, ask your students to consider the list, choose one they like, and form a group with two other people who like the same name. Each group of three takes time to prepare and then argues its case in front of the class. Then hold a vote to see which name is the most popular.
Name and Origin
1. Abundance Economy Robin Wall Kimmerer
2. After Capitalism Dr. Andy Hines
3. Alternative Economies Steven Healy
4. Associative Economy Rudolf Steiner
5. Balanced Economy John Christensen et al
6. Beautiful Economy Howard Collinge
7. Biophysical Economy Charles Hall
8. Bioregional Economy Joe Brewer
9. Blue Economy Gunther Pauli
10. Buddhist Economy Clair Brown, EF Schumacher
11. Buen vivir economy Eduardo Gudynas
12. Capitalism 3.0 Peter Barnes
13. Capitalism 4.0 Anatole Kaletsky
14. Caring Economy Rianne Eisler, Tania Singer
15. Care-Centered Economy David Bollier, Ina Praetorius
16. Circular Economy Ellen McArthur
17. Citizens’ Economy Open Democracy
18. Civic Economy Marvin Brown
19. Civil Economy Stefano Zamagni
20. Clean Economy Various
21. Collaborative Commons Economy Jeremy Rifkin
22. Common Good Capitalism Terry Mollner
23. Commons Economy David Bollier
24. Communalist Economy Murray Bookchin
25. Compassionate Capitalism Richard DeVos, Marc Benioff, Harald Eberle
26. Compassionate Sustainable Economy Muhammad Yunus
27. Conscious Capitalist Economy John Mackey
28. Cooperative Economy Various
29. Cooperative & Community-Based Economy Ana Maria Paredo, Michael Shuman
30. Cooperative Solidarity Commonwealth Economy Jessica Gordon Nembhard, Lindenfeld, John Restakis
31. Degrowth Economy Giorgis Kallis, Jason Hickel
32. Democratic Capitalist Economy Robert Kuttner, Michael Novak, George Cooper
33. Democratic Confederalist Economy Abdullah Ocalan
34. Democratic Economy Marjorie Kelly and Ted Howard
35. Democratic Eco-Socialist Economy Hans Baer
36. Digital Distributive Economy Douglas Rushkoff
37. Dignitarian Post-Capitalist Economy Robert Hanna
38. Doughnut Economy Kate Raworth
39. Earth Economy Earth Economics
40. Earth for All Economy Club of Rome
41. Earthwise Economy Anneloes Smitsman
42. Eco-Economy Lester Brown
43. Ecofeminist Economy Vandana Shiva
44. Ecological Economy Many
45. Economy for All Independent Media Institute
46. Economy of Love Sekem, Egypt
47. Eco-Capitalist Economy Garret Hardin
48. EcoSocialist Economy Murray Bookchin
49. Economic Democracy David Schweickart
50. Economic Humanism Piero Formica
51. Economy of Francesco Pope Francis, Esther Duflo
52. Economy of Kindness Guy Dauncey
53. Economy for the Common Good Christian Felber
54. Economy that Works for Everyone Hillary Clinton
55. Eudaemonic Economy Eric Beinhocker
56. Ethical Economy Michael Bauwens
57. Fair Ecological Economy David Boyle
58. Feminine Economy Jennifer Armbrust
59. Feminist Economy Various
60. Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab
61. Full Circle Economy Donnie Maclurcan and Jennifer Hinton
62. Gaian Economy Ross Jackson, Helena Norberg-Hodge, Jonathan Dawson
63. Gandhian Economy David Bollier
64. Generative Economy Marjorie Kelly
65. Green Cooperative Economy Guy Dauncey
66. Green Collar Economy Van Jones
67. Green Democratic Economy Keir Milburn
68. Green Socialist Economy Various
69. Happiness Economy Helena Norberg-Hodge, Klaus van Egmond, Mark Anielski
70. Happonomy Bruno Delepierre, Stef Kuypers
71. Holistic Economy Stephane Gebel de Gebhardt,
72. Hoodie Economy Jack Manning Bancroft
73. Human-Centered Economy Garry Jacobs, Nicholas Davis, Richard Samans, Joseph Featherall
74. Human Rights Economy Natalie Foster
75. Humanistic Economy John Komlos
76. Humanomics Tomas Sedlacek
77. Indigenous Economy Carol Anne Hilton
78. Integral Economy Peter Joseph
79. Inclusive Capitalist Economy Council for Inclusive Capitalism
80. Inclusive Economy Royal Society for the Arts, UK
81. Just Economy Nick Romeo
82. Joyful Economy James Gustav Speth
83. Kindness Economy Mary Portas
84. Libertarian Municipalist Economy Murray Bookchin
85. Libertarian Socialist Economy Noam Chomsky
86. Life Economy John Perkins
87. Local Living Economy Judy Wicks
88. Living Earth Economy David Korten
89. Localized Economy Helena Norberg-Hodge
90. Market Socialist Economy John Roemer, Thomas Weisskopf, Diane Elson
91. Mission Economy Mariana Mazzucato
92. Moral Economy Samuel Bowles, Margaret Levi
93. Natural Capitalist Economy Paul Hawken, Amory & Hunter Lovins
94. New Economy New Economy Coalition, New Economics Foundation
95. New Green Economy Tim Jackson, Peter Victor
96. Participatory Economy Robin Hahnel, Michael Albert
97. Participatory Socialism Thomas Picketty
98. Partnership Economy Paul Knowlton, Aaron Hedges
99. People’s Economy Boston Ujima, People’s Economy UK, Stephanie Keltner
100. People-Centered Economy David Korten
101. Permanent Economy E.F. Schumacher
102. Permaculture Economy Hendrith Vanlon Smith
103. Place-Based Economy Sean Markey, Greg Halseth
104. Plenitude Economy Juliet Schor
105. Pluralist Commonwealth Economy Gus Alperowitz
106. Post-Capitalist Economy Paul Mason
107. Progressive Capitalist Economy Joe Stiglitz
108. Purpose Economy Coro Strandberg, Adrian & Achim Hensen, Alexander Kühl, Armin Steuernage.
109. Radical Circular Economy Hans Stegeman
110. Radical Ecological Democratic Economy Pallav Das
111. Reconomy Transition Towns Network
112. Real World Economy Various
113. Regenerative Capitalist Economy John Fullerton, John Elkington
114. Regenerative Economy Daniel Christian Wahl, United Frontline Table
115. Relational Economy Jack Manning Bancroft
116. Resilient Economy Nick Williams, Mohamed Buheji, Ahmed Al-Nayeli
117. Restoration Economy Storm Cunningham
118. Restorative Economy Joshua Farley
119. Sharing Economy Various
120. Solidarity Economy Latin America
121. Social Capitalism Andy Haldane, Mark Setterfield
122. Social Democratic Economy Zohran Mamdani, Bernie Sanders
123. Social Economy Quebec, Ash Amin, Nancy Namteam, South Korea
124. Socialist Economy Jacobin + Many
125. Social Knowledge Economy Ecuador
126. Social Solidarity Economy RIPESS, International Labor Organization
127. Solar Economy Hazel Henderson
128. Solutions Economy Shaun Loney
129. Spaceship Earth Economy Kenneth Boulding
130. Stakeholder Capitalist Economy Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum
131. Steady-State Economy Herman Daly, Tim Jackson, Brian Czeck, Rob Dietz, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
132. Sustainable Wellbeing Economy Robert Constanza
133. Sustainable Development Economy United Nations
134. Smart Prosperity Economy Smart Prosperity Institute
135. Symbiotic Economy Isabelle Dellanoy
136. Syntropic Economy Christine McDougall
137. System-Value Economy Bill Bane, Ralph Thurm
138. Transformation Economy Thoman Bouwman, Claudia Roth,
139. Values Economy Mark Carney
140. Value-Oriented Economy Klaas van Egmond
141. Wellbeing Economy Lorenzo Fioramonti, Mark Anielski, Wellbeing Economy Alliance
142. Whole Earth Economy Peter Brown, Geoffrey Garver
143. Whole Person Economy Evan Steiner
144. Women-Centered Economy Canadian Women’s Economic Council